Sociologist media Nathalie Nadaud Albertini is one of the few to spare his criticism of the reality TV shows. It will publish Twelve years of reality … beyond moral criticism by Editions de l’INA in May.

How do you explain the media frenzy around the case “Koh-Lanta”?

The disorder created by the death of Gerald Babin first. When elements are lacking to enter a situation, we try to fill this gap in order to understand, everyone makes assumptions and investigate its fa? There. The media, who do their work of investigation and information, delivering information as and when they have them. In general, the reality has feuilletonnant c ty: the story begins in a program and continues in the press and on social networks. Generally, it is located in a less tragic register, but the pattern is the same: the soap.

Before his appearance on French screens? Ais, the reality was very bad press. Why?

Critics are based on the most trash formats broadcast abroad. When there is a vacuum of information, are filled, and often fears.

Reality TV has been around for over ten years in France. A she changed?

Yes, especially from the point of view of the management of criticism. At first, when “Loft Story”, M6 and production tried to deflect criticism by playing the card of transparency and authenticity. ? Has has only to swell criticism. Designers emissions have therefore changed their strategy. Critics were then undertaken. They were integrated directly into the concepts. This was done in two stages. First, we tried to balance criticism claimed by an altruistic goal. For example, “The Farm celebrities” or “First Company” demanded a certain sadism towards the candidates, but to serve a good cause, since, for each participant, each week in the issue related to a charity a certain amount of money.

Then, we assumed full critique. For example, “Secret Story” openly based his concept on lies and manipulation. This is the same set of rules and candidates are punished if they break. Since then, reality has subsided. It is not always located in the dialogue with the critics. “Top Chef” or “Master Chef” are emblematic of this trend concepts, because they are far removed from the trash or bling. It has also evolved in terms of themes. We left the observation of human relationships in a group of young people end up dealing with very diverse themes (music, dance, cooking, children’s education, physical appearance, decoration …) .

Reality TV has psychological or mental risks such. Does not we tend to suppress them, to forget, when you look?

Psychological or physical risks are not the prerogative of reality. The problem is that we tend to want a sanitized society which neutralizes all risks. This is not possible. We can not all my? Triser. In all the experiments that we live, there are psychological risks. Suicide police or farmers outnumber those candidates reality TV. As for the physical, they are present in many sports: soccer, auto racing, the so-called extreme sports, and many others.

How do you explain the success of youth “Angels of Reality TV” or “Sticks”?

In the same way? We we explained the success of “Helen and the boys” in his time. It looks to be in the second degree, or because it is tied to that character as it includes a little of oneself, or to be able to talk with others.

Should we be worried?

I do not think so. Standards promoted by these programs vary from one program to another. But one stands out clearly: the non-competitive competition. The candidates know they are in competition with each other, but they make sure to live the way has earned the little violence as possible. That is to say, they are able to develop friendships or romantic relationships. This does not exclude the enmity reports or disputes: a part of human relationships. And when a candidate is excluded, it shows no jealousy toward those who remain or resentment towards those who have eliminated. He considers that he had an experience that will be part of his life and wants others to succeed.

Still, is it not harmful to see the stupidity spread in length emissions?

These issues seem especially stupid when you do look a little decontextualized way. When considering further the contents of each issue, we glimpse ilo it tells a story that could touch. For example, “The Angels of Reality TV” appear drowning in stupidity. Often, the program reduces the famous “All? What?” Nabila.

If we look further, we glimpse ilo that candidates trying to succeed a career. They go to visit the knotted stomach emerge disappointed us or hopeful. These are situations that most people have known and which are therefore likely to affect. It is the same for stories of love, friendship or enmity.

You wrote that “Splash” was a good concept, yet it is a program based on the mockery and could encourage people to put themselves in danger …

I said “Splash” was a good concept, in the sense that it was designed to work well with viewers. It was not a moral judgment. It is true that many mocked the issue or denounced his emptiness. But it is the critics of reality that have adopted this position. If it is neutral, we glimpse ilo this program conveyed values ??of courage and transcendence. There are worse as a message.

As for public incitement to endanger, if we look at the studies on the influence of the media, we glimpse a violent ilo program will violate a person willing to violence , a pornographic program shall be construed as an incitement to rape than a person already having this type of drive, etc.. Those willing to endanger the will with or without “Splash”.

Will it good reality TV programs?

What is a “good” program reality? A program that works with viewers or a program called “quality”? Generally, it refers to a certain cultural elitism. I do not share this view of culture. For me, it does not cleave the people. And most importantly, it all depends on what everyone does. It can be sealed to the Greek tragedies and be touched by “Dallas”. In my view, we are still dealing with stories that tell human stories of love, friendship, hatred, power struggles, etc..

You realize that you are completely against the grain of what we can say about this kind of issue …

Yes, absolutely. When I started to prepare a thesis on the subject, and I did not want to do as often critical a priori, but conduct an objective sociological study as much as possible

You talk about ethical reality. Here again you are not going too far?

I say that reality has meant to build as an ethically acceptable kind. For example, in “The Voice”, it incorporates the principle of blind auditions, as the anonymous CV, will operate on a non-discriminatory. The ethical trend in the air. She bends the identity of all brands. Some companies insist on their heart multicultural ty, their ability to integrate disability or their ecological dimension. It is the same for each donkeys television.

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The bo? Your dented iron in the 1960s have been replaced by beautiful bo? Your blue plastic. In the center circle, the purple label stamped “ICAIC” (Cuban Institute of Cinematographic Art and Industry) indicates that the coil is 35 mm black and white and is 290 meters. Black felt an anonymous wrote: “Noticiero 1, 1960, ano la Reforma Agraria” (date of agrarian reform).

Early this year, in the premises of the National Audiovisual Institute (INA) in Bry-sur-Marne (Val-de-Marne), technicians emotionally open that box? History in which you is the original coil of the first “Noticiero” the newspaper newsreels produced weekly by Cuban filmmakers who are at the service of the revolution, when the victory in 1959. Propaganda films, made with art. The first of these, dated June 6, 1960, recounts in voiceover, travel to Venezuela and Uruguay, the first President of the Cuban revolution, Osvaldo Dorticos. Close-ups of the smiling faces of the crowd, braces between officials, beautiful pictures in black and white with some showing my dolly? Trise the camera.

AGREEMENT “CULTURAL COOPERATION”

This first film is part of the fund ICAIC dependent Cuban authorities decided to entrust the INA as a result of an agreement signed in June 2012. This agreement “cultural cooperation” focuses on the restoration, digitization …

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The star of cinema architecture is a housekeeper. Guadalupe Acedo (his name), held this position in 2008 when Ila Beka and Louise Lemoine Koolhaas Houselife turn came, the first installment of their documentary series “Living Architectures”. All now available on DVD, is an invitation, explain it on their website, Living architectures.com-site “to enter into the invisible bubble of the daily intimacy of some ic donkeys of contemporary architecture” .

After “domestic life to Koolhaas,” we discover the users and neighbors of the Church’s Jubilee Richard Meier in Rome, workers mountaineers of Frank Gehry’s Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao, or the atmosphere – cowboy evening included – in the dining area of ??P??trus Herzog and de Meuron, in the Bordeaux region. Renzo Piano is the subject of special treatment since a trilogy devoted to it: at the Beyeler Foundation in Basel, at IRCAM in Paris and the seat of the Italian furniture company B & B Italia.

It is in Gironde, in the house of Bouliac CEO of Southwest Group, Jean-Fran? Ois Lemo? Do, died in 2001, that first, they let them wander camera. Where mostly follows Guadalupe, therefore, to every corner of the vast tense house of concrete, glass and steel signed by Rem Koolhaas in 1998, registered in the inventory of historical monuments. The documentary had made a strong impression as many laugh at the Architecture Biennale in Venice …

Garandeau, president of CNC, defended, Thursday, January 3, the French cinema? Ais and its financing, ensuring that the system allowed “to the emergence of new talents “and that 2012 was a good year.

The leader of the National Film Centre and the moving image (CNC) was speaking after the controversy sparked by a recent article by Vincent Maraval, cofounder of the distribution company Wild Bunch, which stated inter alia that 2012 had been “a disaster “for French cinema? ais.

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“It is wrong to say that,” insisted Mr. Garandeau to AFP. Wednesday, the AcSB released its estimates for 2012, citing “an excellent year” for French cinema ais: more than 204 million records, despite a decline of almost 6% compared to raw “exceptional” 2011 , pulled by two locomotives: The Artist and untouchables.

FALL Morose

“In the first half of 2012, some major films very well,” said Mr. Garandeau, citing On the track the Marsupilami, La v??rit?? si je mens 3 or the First, who each made more than three million entries . “However, this fall was bad for everyone, including American films. This is an effect of the crisis. Theater season also was bad,” he observed. The film Asterix and Obelix at the service of his majesty (released in October) also exceeded three million entries, even if it has not reached the expected level by its producers.

In his article published in Le Monde on December 28, Mr. Maraval also regretted that “the French cinema? Ais based on an economy increasingly subsidized.” “The famous system using French cinema? Ais only benefits a minority of upstarts,” he added. These words make the leap president of CNC.

“Public money is to avoid excess. CNC recovers the money on entries (10.7% of the ticket price), it redistributes to producers on a sliding scale,” he argues. Indeed, the films are less entries, plus subsidies to their producers increase, allowing them to finance new. “We reward success and risks on mutualizes. This is a system that has allowed the emergence of new talent, as Ma? Wenn (Poliss), Valerie Donzelli (War is declared, Hand in hand) and Michel Hazanavicius (The Artist), “he added.

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brilliant success for the young Mozart 16 years and Lucio Silla carried in triumph on January 29, by Marc Minkowski. The conductor had the third opera by Wolfgang Amadeus wrote to the Duke of Milan Theatre in 1772 at the Petit Palais des Festivals in Salzburg.

Undoubtedly the event of the first edition of the Mozartwoche (Mozart Week), the traditional winter founded in 1956 by the International Mozarteum Foundation festival since last year under the artistic direction of Marc Minkowski. The French leaders? Ais are also known in Salzburg since 2011 has been Langr??e Chefdirigent the Camerata Salzburg earth. As for Marc Minkowski, he regularly conducts the prestigious summer festival since 1997, when he made ??his first weapons in Mozart’s Abduction from the Seraglio.

Who says Minkowski said heart and courage. In this stronghold of what modernity became unwillingly the birthplace of Mozart since the passage of Gerard Mortier (1992-2001), mounted in an opera staged “baroque” seems …

The United States is “deeply concerned” after the death of civilians in Laiza, a town in the far north of Burma, which houses the headquarters of Kachin rebels, according to tweets from the U.S. Embassy in Rangoon released Thursday.

“We oppose any action that harms or threatens to harm civilians,” said Ambassador Derek Mitchell in one of the tweets, saying “deeply concerned about the recent deaths of civilians in Laiza.”

The rebels of the Kachin ethnic minority have accused the army of killing three civilians and wounded several others in an attack with heavy weapons Monday against the city on the Chinese border. Witnesses and a foreign journalist, freelance video for AFP, confirmed that at least two shells fell on the city and three civilians were killed. But the Burmese government has denied any military involvement in these “explosions”.

“Mistrust is DEEP”

Fighting between Kachin rebels and the army, who took over in June 2011 after seventeen years of truce, violence has intensified since late December with the use by the military aircraft and helicopters. “We want both parties put an end to the violence and dialogue, but the suspicion is deep,” said Mitchell, in another tweet. “More transparency is needed on both sides.” “If foreigners can help, ultimately, it is up to both parties to build trust, create the conditions for dialogue and make peace.”

The Burmese government which succeeded the junta in March 2011 began there more than a year of negotiations with rebel ethnic groups in conflict with the central government since independence in 1948. It reached the cease-fire with the majority of them, but talks with the Kachin have nothing.

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Hopper? ? ? ? 1/14

Gas, 1940, oil on canvas.

Credits: 2012 / Digital Image, The Museum of Modern Art, New York / Scala, FlorenceIl is 2:00 in the morning when Hans Sch? Nberg Niels Berger and finally pass the turnstile at the Grand Palais in Paris. In their back, an envious clamor welcomes their input as whenever the guards posted at the bottom of the stairs, to allow the passage of a new group of visitors.

After two and a half queue in the cold night this Sunday, February 3 hours, these two Swedish art students enter the hall leading to the happy Edward Hopper (1882-1967) exhibition, like kids and relieved. “We need to be 7:00 in Roissy for our flight back to G? Teborg. It was infuriating to be forced to give up”.

Like thousands of others, determined to make the marathon Hopper – Seventy two hours of non-stop opening Friday 1 to Sunday 3 February to 23 hours – they waited, the sound of jazz music accompanied by distribution of coffee or hot chocolate, cookies, and vitamin water and hand cream (!) offered by sponsors.

“Party People”

The interior ambience contrasts with the hive wise alignment of the street. They hustle to withdraw (free for under 16 ? 12 full price, ? 8 reduced) admission tickets, grab an audio guide, and climb the staircase leading to the retrospective.

The crowd is dense in each room including those which are attached the most famous paintings of American painter – Room in New York (1932), House on the railway (1925) or the aptly Party People (1942) with four people leaning on the bar in neon lights. Is it because of the late hour or the impression that everyone feels to live a particular time? One is struck by the silence, broken only by a few whispers.

The lower seat is taken by assault, as well as windowsills where they come to rest his legs, weighed down by hours trampling. “Usually it is prohibited, but there are shows tolerance” smiled a guard, gesturing to a girl sprawled on the floor to his chair to sit a while. “I left my home in RER in the Yvelines to 18 hours to try my luck, she said. KO But I’m glad I did”.

“KEEP GOOD!”

When spring the museum at 3:00 am, the tail stretches far into the night. These visitors before dawn did little more than 20 years. Neither the cold nor the late hour did not seem to scare them. “Hold on,? Was worth it!” Joked a young man leaving the scene a catalog under his arm. “People smile, we thank our home, it’s nice,” slip a guard wrapped in a jacket.

From the other side of the avenue Franklin Roosevelt, couples share their impressions on the heated terrace of the Brasserie Le Grand Palais. Coffee has stalled its schedules with those of the museum to accompany this festive time.

Some 40,000 visitors were expected for this operation three days and two nights (for which about 300 volunteers were mobilized employees) estimated the RMN, who had already held successful night tours for Picasso in 2009 and Claude Monet in 2011. In total, the Hopper retrospective, first organized in France and opened on October 10, 2012, is expected to exceed 780,000 entries. For those who have d? waive the Arte website offers a virtual tour of consolation.

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In discussing the course of his children, Serge Pichon notes with puzzlement that as the birth of the good fairy academic success has distributed its benefits with more parsimony . ? The dawned, which “has always approached the study with a high willingness” is alternating electrical engineer, the youngest, who stopped his studies after a professional tray, works in a computer store, and the youngest, who traveled after the tray is acting in a restaurant. “They are not all the same ambitions”, says Serge smiling Pichon, territorial official in the Bordeaux region.

This father does not confuse academic achievement with all the short success: he recounts with enthusiasm the success of the school was born, passion for computing his caddy or the social skills of his youngest . But if we stick to the sole criterion of education, the conclusion is clear: his son are very different. “The a? Born, who has always loved directing, were to have a good situation. The second, who loves video games, was not very attracted by the studies. Especially the third like friends, outings and sharing with others. ”

Serge Pichon readily emphasizes personality differences between his son, but he also knows that, like all children, they did not have the “same” father. “There is a lot in the first child. This is a great joy that overwhelms everything we wanted him to share a lot of things. With him we discover the first steps, the nursery, the school , reading, playing the second and especially the third, they are raised more simply. they have more freedom, we trust them, there is much less worried because we all tested before they can re oivent? be less attention but also less stress. ”

HUMAN CAPITAL ADVANTAGE

Is this the secret of these differences in background? Maybe. What is sure is that the trajectories of the son of Serge Pichon correspond in all respects with studies on the relationship between academic achievement and sibling rank. Whatever the number of children, gender or social background, has them? Born topped school rankings. “Birth order has a significant impact on the level Grad? Me says Fran? Ois-Charles Wolff, professor of economics at the University of Nantes in social information, the review of the Family Allowances Fund. All things being equal, the last-born obtain an average of diplomas? my weaker than that? born. ”

The economist, who operated investigations “Heritage” by INSEE, 1998 and 2004, worked on a sample of more than 10,000 children. “There is an advantage in terms of human capital for the first-born,” he says. In families with two children, the proportion Grad? MES higher is 1.6% higher for them? Born. In families with three children, 27.9% had? Born and exceed the level tray 2, against 25.8% and 24.8% of younger juniors. In contrast, the last-born leave more often the school system without dipl? Has me? Born siblings.

These contrasts also appear in a study para? Be devoted to the path of 4000 respondents in the survey Trajectories and Origins (TEO) of the INED-INSEE. “On average, a? Born siblings have several indicators of academic success,” explain the researchers Laure Mogu??rou and Emmanuelle Santelli. Them? Born redouble significantly less likely to attend school than their younger brothers and sisters, they are more often referred to long cycles at the end of the third, they get more easily access their tank and wider higher education .

For those familiar with the humanities, this finding is not entirely a surprise. In 1981, Guy Desplanques, a demographer INSEE who had worked on a cohort of 250 000 women surveyed in 1975 had published an article entitled “The chance to be a? Born.” “In every generation observed in the survey (1910 to 1949), and whatever the size of the family of origin, girls? Born acquired a higher educational background girls to rank higher [the younger ], “he noted. Among women born between 1940 and 1944 in a family of two children, 13.2% had? Were born and baccalaureate, against 10.4% of the younger sisters.

IMPACT IN THE WORLD OF WORK

These differences are then echoed in the workplace. ? “The data show a higher than the younger, even family size data rate, noted Guy Desplanques More importantly, a born and younger have various professional situations:.? Was born among the proportion of managers is much higher. ” Among women born from 1940 to 1944, 26.7% of that? Born exercise? Well have managerial occupations, against 21.7% of younger.

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Puzzled, Guy Desplanques concluded its work by questioning a possible survival of a right? Nesse. Appeared between the tenth and eighteenth centuries, the system of primogeniture was to favor a? Born in order to avoid fragmentation of the heritage. “The right of a? Nesse was also reflected in the transmission of symbolic goods, says the historian Didier Lett in social information. From the tenth century, in aristocratic circles, has it? Born received a name drawn from the patrilineal branch [of heart tee father] marker onomastics strongly supporting memory and family lineage.’s triumph was? born male often accompanied by the exclusion of younger and girls with. ”

? To the principle of equality, these privileges to dawned were symbolically removed the Revolution: “There are more than a born more privileged in the national family?” Had Mirabeau proclaimed from the tribune of the Constituent Assembly. However, they survived here and there in more subtle forms. “At least until the mid-twentieth century, the national equality legislation has not prevented the variety of legacy systems, says Didier Lett. Parents and families have devised strategies to divert the relative equality of the Civil Code, fa? is particularly marked in France and South Central, where the right to a? secular nesse has not really been damaged. ”

From left to right: Clement, 19, Matthew, 25,

Serge, the father, and

? Jean-Marc, was born 27 years |? Rodolphe Escher for “The World” There are far, far r s, between the rules of transmission of the heritage of the pre-revolutionary France and academic success was born born twentieth century. But sometimes traditions illuminate even today, the logic of social certaicomportements.

A PLACE IN THE IMAGINARY PART to PARENTS

Stressing the importance of “cultural gives” the sociologist Bernard Zarca has demonstrated in the 1990s that artisans and trade? Ants transmitted more readily their business has their? Born and their cadets. “In the? With the economic logic continues symbolic footprint has? Nesse of the family,” he explained in 1993 in the Journal of the INED Population.

? The secular tradition of the right to a nesse is obviously not enough to explain the differences of course between brothers and sisters, but it has the merit of drawing attention to the unique position of a born: they are, by definition , only their siblings to have once been an only child. During the first years of life, most of them have benefited from relatives available, comfortable income, wide open spaces – all factors to be favorable to academic success. With brothers and sisters so happens the age of tensions: the budget is tight, rooms must be shared, parents often tired, spend less time with each of their children.

Is it because parents are more available to them? Born for their cadets? Or because they made it a special place in their imagination? In a survey in para? Be conducted from the Trajectories and Origins survey, Laure Mogu??rou, Emmanuelle Santelli, Christelle Hamel and Jean-Luc Primon find at least one real parental mobilization around a? Born, especially in the field of homework: 49% of first-born said they worked with their father, against only 30% of younger and 38% of juniors. The mother also appears, accompanied by very close school for her first child: 72% of infants had reported having received assistance, against 58% and 68% of younger juniors.

CHILDREN very encouraged

This careful monitoring may play an r? Decisive in the success of a school? Born. “This is obviously important when parents have to pass a school principal -? Knowledge, work habits or codes of behavior, says sociologist Henri-Ga Panabi??re, be my lecturer at the University of Paris- Descartes. In this case, parents can accompany their child in the written and guide him in his school culture. But it is also true for parents with less academically. Their investment in homework or their presence at meetings with teachers constitute a point of support for the child. ”

For psychoanalysts and pediatricians, the attentive supervision of homework is not only related to the availability of parents: it betrays the very special regard for the first child. “The a? Born, it is the realization of the imaginary child that we all carry within us, says psychiatrist Marcel Rufo, author of Brothers and sisters, a lovesickness. His parents follow his psychomotor development magnifying glass, they keep his drawings, they want it to do the education they wanted. This first child has high hopes of glory and honor soon realizes he must be up to this expectation in penalty disappoint his parents. ”

The need for social SUCCESS

When cadets appear a few years later, the parents have finally become normal, Marcel Rufo starts with a burst of laughter. “They have exhausted their dreams of success with a passion born Their imagination is somewhat mitigated:? They understand that a child should be free, it is always singular, it must leave a bit quiet. This is the first child turns the couple parents. It is he who heals their parental neurosis. Along with the other births, parents continue to dream of an imaginary child, but they do at least wholesale rate for has? born! ”

The psychoanalyst Claude Halmos insists, too, the fact that parental desire fa? Onne deep imagination of the child. “Children are built based on conscious or unconscious of those around desires. They want to see the pride in the eyes of their parents. Or has it? Born is the implementation of the ideal parents . It is the first, he is alone, it is unique, it is therefore subject to a maximum investment. then for cadets, parents become more fluent., in consultation, many also say they have was too demanding with the first. ”

A? Born three daughters, Mary, who has reached the bac + 7 following a legal industry, to recognize? Trait probably without difficulty in this portrait of a? Born. As a child, she felt a strong pressure from his parents: they watched his homework, read carefully its newsletters, the inciting choose a path providing good opportunities. “My success has been their low, both for them and for me I was happy to bring their good grades, and when I was Dipl Mee, offer them the pride Maybe?. my expense, as I would a posteriori preferred exercise less socially rewarding profession, but more related to my personal aspirations. ”

The difficulty of resisting PARENTAL PRESSURE

If one believes Mary, his little sisters have escaped this need for social success they both plan careers in less “prestigious” to riskier markets. “They make a mockery of the desires of social elevation of our parents They say happy not to have been born a:.? Saying they could not” do better “than me, they feel liberated from this pressure and move towards professions that really try, regardless of what our parents! ”

? Many say was born happy to have met the expectations of their parents: they tell you felt a sense of pride in offering their diplomas and success?. But others complain softly weight this parental pressure. “I think I held the place that my parents had more or less consciously decided for me, says Alexandra Lalo, teacher schools. My good grades, my studies have been, to some extent, a way of . doing what my parents expected Consideration is deep distress when I fail something and very reasonable ambitions – I never take the risk to do something if I am not re s almost getting there? . “

Four months after the final defeat of the Republicans in the U.S. presidential election, the party to pieces, is looking for a savior to reunite the conservative camp by 2016, and if possible without political focus. It is the largest annual appointment of the conservative, close to Washington, a three-day conference which converge gratin and activists of the American right, the “CPAC” conference.

The “old” are there. Sarah Palin, the former candidate for Vice President in 2008, Mitt Romney, an unsuccessful candidate in 2012 – both probably invited by politeness. But this is the new guard that attracts crowds in huge ballroom of the h? Such Gaylord, which is installed the main stage.

A CONSERVATISM VERSION “WINNING”

On Thursday, two unofficial contenders for the White House declined their vision of conservatism “winning” version. Marco Rubio, a Senator who will be 45 years in 2016 (two years older than John F. Kennedy’s election in 1960), and has the advantage of Cuban origin, and Rand Paul, 50, the passionate defender of individual liberties.

“Former Republican Party is stale and covered with moss,” shouted one, son of Ron Paul, a candidate for the primary in 2012. “Our message must be large” and attract “millions of Americans, young and old, American or foreign origin, black, white and brown.”

Nobody knows what exactly the category “brown”, but one thing is certain: Paul Rand’s reputation soared after his performance of 12 hours and 52 minutes standing in the Senate Chamber to protest against the opacity the drone program led by the Obama administration.

Another favorite of the moment: Paul Ryan, 43. Friday, Mitt Romney’s running mate in November was greeted by a standing ovation. His feat of arms? Development to the House of Representatives a budget austerity 100% Conservative, which cuts tens of billions of dollars in social programs – these food stamps and this insurance upon which millions of people on low incomes, and many Hispanics, a growing electorate who voted for Barack Obama 71%.

Marco Rubio is even more popular. Spanish, party leaders are counting on him to bring Latino voters on the right. But do not tell him either to refocus. “We do not need new ideas. There is an idea, an idea called America, and it still works,” he assured Marco Rubio. All his political rise from the local assembly of Florida to the U.S. Senate, based on the message of opportunities for everyone.

The problem of representation

All believe that the party suffers from a problem of representation (no black Republican does not sit on the House of Representatives, against 42 Democrats) and communication. Two problems symbolized by selecting Mitt Romney, a white millionaire past moderate to wear the colors of the party in November 2012.

The “elephant” party, uninterested in a further eight years in opposition, are also convinced that this is a pure conservatism and hard to convince minorities. Mitch McConnell, the Senate elected in 1984 and current Leader of the Opposition in the noble meeting and welcomed Friday Rand Paul (an elected anti-establishment though he tried to fight the 2010 primary): renewal “does does not mean that we must concentrate our principles. ”

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The last survey M??diam??trie released in mid-April, shows a decline of audience for France Inter. How do you explain that?

France Inter started the season normally, with good numbers in each survey. But this time, the station has experienced six days of strikes that we have lost a million listeners. They went elsewhere because in a time when things are not going well, the Frenchman had a hard time understanding why such an action. After, the more complicated is to win. It takes time. I hope France Inter will succeed. Strikes also have an advantage: they allow to question and analyze things.

Does this mean that you are working on a change in editorial policy France Inter?

No, because the editorial as a radio France Inter are constantly changing. It depends on the mood of the country, politics and a lot of things. Philippe Val and his team are working. This does not prevent them from asking questions. Inter is listening to society and there is cross-dynamics between her and her audience.

Perhaps they were a little tired of always hearing the same politicians, the same experts who say everything and its opposite. They want s surely discover new voice of civil society. One thing is s re: despite the crisis, people continue to live and to look at the crisis as a prism closest to their concerns.

Study yourself the question for the beginning of September?

It is a track … but do not throw the baby out with the bathwater! There will be changes, but do not rush. Radio is a precision clock that we must move carefully.

The morning portion of the 7/9 hosted by Patrick Cohen is what we do best in radio. It continues to grow and attracts millions of listeners. It yas surely still some improvements to be made. They will, as Patrick Cohen is someone with whom you can discuss and refine things.

What does not work on France Info, which has experienced a serious decline of hearing?

France Info is a more industrial problem. This radio was born there more than twenty-five years, was the only media outlets to provide information instantly. Today, the landscape of radio and information has totally changed! France Info is an ogre that journalists were fed continuously, but there is a limit. Presidential, last year, gave him a little air but masked the reality to come. It is a house that works magnificently well when there is big news.

Now, wherever we are, there are alerts for mobile, broadcasting and competition has grown significantly. We are no longer alone. It is therefore necessary to review the format of France info and give it a value, more lively and direct. France Info benefits of pooling correspondents Radio France and writing has super-reporters. Knowledge is a business and it is imperative to mix websites and writing. The hardest part is to change the mechanics.

What are the solutions for the Mov ‘who still can not find its audience?

The Mov ‘is the most beautiful project of Radio France, but we have to prove it! We are unable to locate us on the radio market for young adults, and tap music is not my idea of ??public service. So we have to invent. Young people today are more experienced, we must offer them a radio content. When Fr??d??ric Bonnaud speaks of Alain Robbe-Grillet, I’m not s? R that young people are mobilized in the suburbs, but this is the direction we must go. Like music and information on which we must work. The cultural offer should be different on this antenna. Patrice Blanc-Francard, a large pro radio, began to put things in place, but there are still some foundations to install. We’ll get there!

Even if you start to get impatient at the guardianship?

It is normal for the parent cares! She also asked me often on The Mov ‘and I try to be as convincing as possible. The Mov ‘is a project between the media and politics, I do not understand that we abandon an entire section of French society uncomfortable?.

You have great ambitions for music. What are they?

The music is part of the history of Radio France and remains the main motivation why people listen to the radio. The group distributes over 1000 titles each day and has more than 600,000 references recordings (CDs, LPs, 78s, cylinders) and more than 1.7 million titles are stored in the digital disco house. It has 520 professional musicians, a choir, two ma? Trises, a philharmonic orchestra, which will be conducted in 2015 by the Finnish conductor Mikko Franck, and offers more than two hundred concerts each year.

Meanwhile, we will launch in October our platform that will allow music listeners to grow musically thanks to programmers who work from home offers many musical and its antennas. All titles will be free access. The music is a big investment for Radio France and it is a mission of the house.

The new audiovisual law plans to appoint the chairs of broadcasting by the CSA, and not by the president. If someone asked you to give your mandate at stake, would you?

I’m a good Republican and I will do what Parliament asked to do. I’m not a subject but Radio France is a huge subject.